{"id":56922,"date":"2026-09-23T23:43:19","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T23:43:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/?p=56922"},"modified":"2026-10-27T04:23:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T04:23:20","slug":"thermal-relief-valve-vs-pressure-safety-valve-in-lng-lpg-piping","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/blog\/thermal-relief-valve-vs-pressure-safety-valve-in-lng-lpg-piping\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e1lvula de al\u00edvio t\u00e9rmico versus v\u00e1lvula de seguran\u00e7a em tubula\u00e7\u00e3o de LNG\/LPG"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.zobai-article { max-width: 100%; }\n.zobai-article .table-wrap { width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; }\n.zobai-article table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }\n.zobai-article th, .zobai-article td { vertical-align: top; }\n.zobai-article img, .zobai-article svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }\n.zobai-article a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }\n.zobai-article .engineering-cta { margin-top: 2rem; }\n.zobai-article .engineering-example { padding: 1rem 1.1rem; border-left: 3px solid currentColor; background: rgba(0,0,0,.035); }\n.zobai-article .evidence-note { font-size: .96em; }\n.zobai-article .article-faq h3 { margin-top: 1.4rem; }\n<\/style>\n<article class=\"zobai-article\">\n<p>\n  Em tubula\u00e7\u00f5es de LNG e LPG, uma <strong>v\u00e1lvula de al\u00edvio t\u00e9rmico e uma v\u00e1lvula de seguran\u00e7a de press\u00e3o n\u00e3o s\u00e3o dois princ\u00edpios de prote\u00e7\u00e3o opostos<\/strong>.<br \/>\n  Uma v\u00e1lvula de al\u00edvio por expans\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica \u00e9, ela pr\u00f3pria, um dispositivo de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o. A diferen\u00e7a \u00fatil est\u00e1 no <strong>cen\u00e1rio de al\u00edvio<\/strong>: o que est\u00e1 causando o aumento de press\u00e3o, qual se\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 sendo protegida, qual estado do fluido chega ao dispositivo e qual carga o dispositivo deve aliviar.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/legacy.cganet.com\/Publication\/Details.aspx?id=PS-28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">CGA PS-28<\/a><br \/>\n  descreve uma v\u00e1lvula de al\u00edvio por expans\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica como um dispositivo de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o usado em sistemas de tubula\u00e7\u00e3o para evitar sobrepress\u00e3o causada pela expans\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica de um volume limitado de fluido de processo retido, incluindo casos envolvendo l\u00edquidos criog\u00eanicos ou gases frios retidos entre v\u00e1lvulas ou outros dispositivos.<br \/>\n  Essa defini\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 restrita e \u00fatil: ela identifica um mecanismo espec\u00edfico de sobrepress\u00e3o, e n\u00e3o uma classe universal de v\u00e1lvula.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Uma sequ\u00eancia de engenharia confi\u00e1vel \u00e9, portanto: <strong>definir a se\u00e7\u00e3o protegida \u2192 identificar o mecanismo cr\u00edvel de aumento de press\u00e3o \u2192 estabelecer a capacidade de al\u00edvio requerida \u2192 verificar a v\u00e1lvula e o caminho de al\u00edvio instalado.<\/strong><br \/>\n  Press\u00e3o de ajuste, sobrepress\u00e3o, acumula\u00e7\u00e3o, blowdown, capacidade de al\u00edvio e contrapress\u00e3o s\u00e3o termos relacionados, mas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o intercambi\u00e1veis. Suas rela\u00e7\u00f5es admiss\u00edveis dependem do c\u00f3digo aplic\u00e1vel, do equipamento protegido e da configura\u00e7\u00e3o da v\u00e1lvula, portanto este artigo n\u00e3o aplica um percentual ou limite universal.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Um l\u00edquido bloqueado que se aquece dentro de uma se\u00e7\u00e3o de tubula\u00e7\u00e3o isolada pode criar uma demanda de al\u00edvio t\u00e9rmico. Outro sistema pode, em vez disso, ter um caso cr\u00edvel de sobrepress\u00e3o por fluxo bloqueado, relacionado a bomba, gera\u00e7\u00e3o de vapor, inc\u00eandio ou outro. Esses casos n\u00e3o devem ser reduzidos a uma \u00fanica escolha de produto \u201cTRV versus PSV\u201d.<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.api.org\/products-and-services\/standards\/important-standards-announcements\/standard521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">API 521<\/a><br \/>\n  aborda sistemas de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o e despressuriza\u00e7\u00e3o para instala\u00e7\u00f5es, incluindo terminais de LNG, enquanto a estrutura de sistemas de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o da API separa a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de causas, a taxa de al\u00edvio requerida e a revis\u00e3o do sistema de descarte a jusante.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  O nome da v\u00e1lvula \u00e9, portanto, um ponto de partida \u2014 n\u00e3o a especifica\u00e7\u00e3o de engenharia.\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<h2>Al\u00edvio t\u00e9rmico vs. seguran\u00e7a e al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o: qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a real?<\/h2>\n<p>\n  A diferen\u00e7a real est\u00e1 em <strong>primeiro a fun\u00e7\u00e3o, depois o hardware<\/strong>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Existe uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o de al\u00edvio por expans\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica porque um fluido confinado muda de condi\u00e7\u00e3o e gera press\u00e3o \u00e0 medida que aquece. O dispositivo de prote\u00e7\u00e3o continua respondendo \u00e0 press\u00e3o.<br \/>\n  \u201cT\u00e9rmico\u201d descreve a causa da sobrepress\u00e3o; n\u00e3o transforma o dispositivo em uma v\u00e1lvula operada por temperatura. A CGA PS-28 deixa essa distin\u00e7\u00e3o especialmente clara ao classificar a v\u00e1lvula de al\u00edvio por expans\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica como um dispositivo de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u201cPSV\u201d, \u201cPRV\u201d, \u201cv\u00e1lvula de seguran\u00e7a\u201d e \u201cv\u00e1lvula de al\u00edvio\u201d tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o devem ser tratados como classes de produto universalmente intercambi\u00e1veis.<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/50826.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ISO 4126-1<\/a>, por exemplo, especifica requisitos gerais de produto para v\u00e1lvulas de seguran\u00e7a e declara explicitamente que \u00e9 uma norma de produto, e n\u00e3o uma norma de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o.<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/codes-standards\/find-codes-standards\/bpvc-section-xiii-rules-for-overpressure-protection\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ASME BPVC Se\u00e7\u00e3o XIII<\/a><br \/>\n  fornece separadamente regras de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra sobrepress\u00e3o que abrangem dispositivos de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o, certifica\u00e7\u00e3o de capacidade, instala\u00e7\u00e3o e requisitos relacionados. Portanto, a norma do projeto aplic\u00e1vel, a folha de dados e a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o da v\u00e1lvula importam mais do que a sigla isolada.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Na an\u00e1lise pr\u00e1tica, mantenha quatro termos de press\u00e3o separados. <strong>Press\u00e3o de ajuste<\/strong> \u00e9 o ajuste da v\u00e1lvula usado como refer\u00eancia de abertura sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es especificadas de teste ou servi\u00e7o. <strong>Sobrepress\u00e3o<\/strong> \u00e9 o aumento de press\u00e3o acima da press\u00e3o de ajuste durante o al\u00edvio. <strong>Ac\u00famulo<\/strong> refere-se ao aumento de press\u00e3o do sistema protegido acima de sua base admiss\u00edvel aplic\u00e1vel durante um evento de sobrepress\u00e3o. <strong>Blowdown<\/strong> \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a de press\u00e3o entre o comportamento de abertura e de reassentamento. A documenta\u00e7\u00e3o de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra sobrepress\u00e3o da API 520 e da ASME trata esses par\u00e2metros como distintos de projeto ou desempenho; os limites exatos dependem do c\u00f3digo e da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Comparison of thermal-expansion relief duty and other pressure-relief duty\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Ponto de compara\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Servi\u00e7o de al\u00edvio por expans\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Outro servi\u00e7o de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Pergunta principal<\/td>\n<td>Um volume de fluido confinado pode gerar press\u00e3o \u00e0 medida que suas condi\u00e7\u00f5es mudam?<\/td>\n<td>Que outro mecanismo cr\u00edvel pode causar sobrepress\u00e3o no sistema protegido?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Primeiro item a definir<\/td>\n<td>Se\u00e7\u00e3o protegida isolada e invent\u00e1rio confinado<\/td>\n<td>Sistema protegido e cen\u00e1rio de sobrepress\u00e3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A designa\u00e7\u00e3o da v\u00e1lvula estabelece a capacidade?<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>O di\u00e2metro da tubula\u00e7\u00e3o estabelece a capacidade requerida?<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A press\u00e3o de ajuste correta comprova prote\u00e7\u00e3o adequada?<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e3o; o dispositivo tamb\u00e9m deve ter capacidade de al\u00edvio adequada e estar conectado ao volume protegido correto.<\/td>\n<td>N\u00e3o; a capacidade, o estado de al\u00edvio e as condi\u00e7\u00f5es de instala\u00e7\u00e3o ainda precisam ser verificados.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>O que determina a sele\u00e7\u00e3o em \u00faltima an\u00e1lise?<\/td>\n<td>A demanda requerida somada \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es reais de servi\u00e7o e de instala\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td>A demanda requerida somada \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es reais de servi\u00e7o e de instala\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n  Para uma compara\u00e7\u00e3o mais ampla de terminologia, consulte o<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/blog\/prv-vs-psv-vs-safety-valve-vs-relief-valve\/\">Guia PRV vs PSV vs v\u00e1lvula de seguran\u00e7a vs v\u00e1lvula de al\u00edvio<\/a>.<br \/>\n  Este artigo utiliza apenas a terminologia necess\u00e1ria para a tomada de decis\u00e3o em tubula\u00e7\u00f5es de LNG\/LPG.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Quando uma tubula\u00e7\u00e3o de LNG ou LPG se torna um caso de al\u00edvio t\u00e9rmico?<\/h2>\n<p>\n  Comece pelo <strong>limite de press\u00e3o<\/strong>, n\u00e3o pelo cat\u00e1logo de v\u00e1lvulas. Um caso de al\u00edvio t\u00e9rmico se torna um candidato cred\u00edvel quando um volume finito de fluido pode ficar isolado e o aquecimento, a expans\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica ou uma mudan\u00e7a de fase criog\u00eanica aplic\u00e1vel pode aumentar a press\u00e3o enquanto essa se\u00e7\u00e3o permanece bloqueada.\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Defina a se\u00e7\u00e3o protegida.<\/strong> Identifique as v\u00e1lvulas, equipamentos ou outros limites que a isolam.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confirme se o fluido pode realmente ficar retido.<\/strong> Uma linha de LNG ou LPG n\u00e3o se torna um caso de al\u00edvio t\u00e9rmico simplesmente porque o meio \u00e9 g\u00e1s liquefeito.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Estabele\u00e7a o fluido retido e o estado.<\/strong> L\u00edquido, g\u00e1s frio e uma fase potencialmente vari\u00e1vel n\u00e3o devem ser considerados intercambi\u00e1veis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Identify the pressure-rise mechanism.<\/strong> Determine whether warming or thermal expansion is actually the credible cause.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Only then establish the thermal-relief duty and required capacity.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full zobai-figure\" data-image-slot=\"IMG-01\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-01.webp\" alt=\"Esquema simplificado de tubula\u00e7\u00e3o de LNG ou LPG mostrando uma se\u00e7\u00e3o isolada com fluido confinado e sua conex\u00e3o de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o.\" title=\"Thermal Relief Valve vs Pressure Safety Valve in LNG\/LPG Piping - IMG-01\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" class=\"wp-image-56961\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-01.webp 1200w, https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-01-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-01-1024x768.webp 1024w, https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-01-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-01-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-01-400x300.webp 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption>Esquema simplificado de tubula\u00e7\u00e3o de LNG ou LPG mostrando uma se\u00e7\u00e3o isolada com fluido confinado e sua conex\u00e3o de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\n  Within its specific scope for LNG road-vehicle fuelling stations,<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/85908.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ISO 16924:2026<\/a><br \/>\n  defines a thermal relief valve around protection against excess pressure caused by cryogenic liquid vaporization or by warming of cold gas trapped in an isolated pipeline section or other small component.<br \/>\n  That definition is useful for understanding the LNG thermal-relief mechanism, but the standard&#8217;s fuelling-station scope should not be expanded into a universal rule for every LNG terminal or process plant.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  A typical isolated section between two shutoff boundaries is easy to visualize, but it is not the only possible configuration. What matters is whether the proposed relief device has an unobstructed pressure connection to the actual trapped volume throughout the operating and isolation states that create the case.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"engineering-example\">\n  <strong>Cen\u00e1rio de engenharia ilustrativo:<\/strong> a transfer line is isolated at both ends after LNG or LPG movement stops. A small trapped liquid inventory remains in the line and subsequently warms from ambient heat leak. No pump has to be running for the pressure to rise. The engineering response is not to choose a \u201cthermal valve\u201d by connection size; it is to define the trapped volume, establish the thermal-relief load, verify the pressure basis, and confirm that the selected device protects that exact section.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Identifying a thermal-expansion case also does <strong>n\u00e3o<\/strong> complete the valve selection. Set-pressure basis, required relieving capacity, phase, temperature, inlet and outlet conditions, back pressure and discharge destination remain separate verification items. The fact that thermal-relief loads are often smaller than major process-upset loads does not justify assuming that any small valve will be adequate.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>When Is a Thermal-Relief Valve Not Enough?<\/h2>\n<p>\n  A thermal-only assumption is no longer sufficient when another credible pressure-rise mechanism exists\u2014or when the actual relieving condition has not yet been established.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  API 521 addresses pressure-relieving and depressuring systems rather than treating pressure relief as a catalogue-selection exercise. Depending on the protected system, further review may be required when there is another process pressure source, a blocked outlet or continuing inflow, a pump-related overpressure condition, vapor generation or another significant phase change, external heat exposure where applicable, an undefined protected boundary, an unknown required relieving rate, or an uncertain liquid, vapor or two-phase relieving state.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  The point is not to build a long list of every possible relief scenario. It is to recognize when the <strong>thermal-expansion model no longer describes the complete problem<\/strong>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Two-phase uncertainty is particularly important.<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/76057.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ISO 4126-10:2024<\/a><br \/>\n  provides a dedicated sizing framework for gas\/liquid two-phase flow in pressurized systems including piping. An unresolved LNG\/LPG relieving condition therefore should not be silently forced into a single-phase assumption.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Conditions that require broader relief review\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">If this is unresolved<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Por que \u00e9 importante<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Protected section<\/td>\n<td>You do not yet know what the valve actually protects.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Credible relief cause<\/td>\n<td>The required duty cannot be defined reliably.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Capacidade de al\u00edvio requerida<\/td>\n<td>Connection size cannot substitute for sizing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fase de al\u00edvio<\/td>\n<td>Liquid, vapor and two-phase assumptions are not interchangeable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Inlet piping condition<\/td>\n<td>Pressure loss or restrictions between the protected system and the device can affect opening stability and available inlet pressure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Downstream conditions<\/td>\n<td>Outlet resistance and built-up back pressure can change installed valve behavior.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.api.org\/products-and-services\/standards\/important-standards-announcements\/520part-ii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">API 520 Parte II<\/a><br \/>\n  is specifically the installation part of the API 520 pressure-relieving-device standard. That is why inlet and outlet piping cannot be treated as accessories to the valve-selection calculation. The exact allowable inlet-loss and back-pressure limits depend on the governing standard, valve design and service; they should be checked against the project basis and manufacturer documentation rather than copied from a generic percentage.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"engineering-example\">\n  <strong>Cen\u00e1rio de engenharia ilustrativo:<\/strong> a spring-loaded relief valve was originally reviewed against one discharge arrangement, but the plant later ties its outlet into a common header. The new header can increase built-up or variable back pressure during relieving. Even if the valve&#8217;s set pressure has not changed, its opening\/reclosing behavior and effective capacity can require re-evaluation. The prevention step is to recheck the outlet hydraulic case whenever the disposal system changes, not just when the valve itself is replaced.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  For the complete capacity calculation and certified-capacity workflow, use the<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/blog\/safety-valve-sizing-and-certified-relieving-capacity-guide\/\">Guia de dimensionamento e capacidade de al\u00edvio certificada de v\u00e1lvulas de seguran\u00e7a<\/a><br \/>\n  rather than expanding this page into a sizing manual.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Can One Relief Device Cover Both Thermal Expansion and Other Overpressure Cases?<\/h2>\n<p>\n  <strong>Possibly\u2014but only after the relevant cases are checked independently.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Neither \u201cthe main PSV is larger, so it automatically covers thermal expansion\u201d nor \u201cthermal expansion always requires a physically separate valve\u201d is a reliable selection rule.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.api.org\/products-and-services\/standards\/important-standards-announcements\/520parti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">API 520 Parte I<\/a><br \/>\n  aborda o dimensionamento e a sele\u00e7\u00e3o de dispositivos de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o, enquanto<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.api.org\/products-and-services\/standards\/important-standards-announcements\/520part-ii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">API 520 Parte II<\/a><br \/>\n  addresses installation. The engineering review therefore needs to consider both the required duty and the installed system.\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full zobai-figure\" data-image-slot=\"IMG-02\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-02.webp\" alt=\"Engineering screening path for checking whether one relief device can be reviewed for multiple LNG or LPG overpressure cases.\" title=\"Thermal Relief Valve vs Pressure Safety Valve in LNG\/LPG Piping - IMG-02\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" class=\"wp-image-56962\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-02.webp 1200w, https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-02-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-02-1024x768.webp 1024w, https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-02-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-02-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/zobai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/thermal-relief-vs-pressure-safety-img-02-400x300.webp 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption>Engineering screening path for checking whether one relief device can be reviewed for multiple LNG or LPG overpressure cases.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Checks before one relief device is evaluated for multiple duties\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Pergunta de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Why it can change the decision<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Does the device protect the required boundary for each case?<\/td>\n<td>A valve elsewhere in the system may not protect an isolated section.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Have the relevant relief causes been identified?<\/td>\n<td>An omitted case cannot be covered by assumption.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Is the required relieving duty established for each applicable case?<\/td>\n<td>Valve label and connection size do not establish load.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Does the candidate have appropriate capacity evidence?<\/td>\n<td>Available capacity has to be compared with the required duty.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Is the relieving phase known?<\/td>\n<td>A liquid case does not prove suitability for vapor or two-phase relief.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Is the set-pressure basis compatible with the protected system?<\/td>\n<td>A press\u00e3o de abertura n\u00e3o pode ser analisada independentemente do limite de press\u00e3o.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>As temperaturas de opera\u00e7\u00e3o e de al\u00edvio est\u00e3o dentro dos limites documentados?<\/td>\n<td>A adequa\u00e7\u00e3o a uma temperatura n\u00e3o comprova a adequa\u00e7\u00e3o a outra.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Os arranjos de corpo, trim, mola, guia, sede e veda\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o suportados para o servi\u00e7o?<\/td>\n<td>A adequa\u00e7\u00e3o dos componentes \u00e9 espec\u00edfica da configura\u00e7\u00e3o e pode afetar a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o, o atrito, a veda\u00e7\u00e3o e o movimento est\u00e1vel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>As condi\u00e7\u00f5es de contrapress\u00e3o s\u00e3o suportadas?<\/td>\n<td>A press\u00e3o de sa\u00edda pode afetar a abertura, a eleva\u00e7\u00e3o, a capacidade e o comportamento de reassentamento, dependendo do projeto da v\u00e1lvula.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>O caminho de descarga \u00e9 aceit\u00e1vel?<\/td>\n<td>A v\u00e1lvula \u00e9 apenas uma parte do caminho de al\u00edvio completo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Os requisitos de documenta\u00e7\u00e3o do projeto s\u00e3o atendidos?<\/td>\n<td>A capacidade t\u00e9cnica n\u00e3o \u00e9 o mesmo que a aceita\u00e7\u00e3o do projeto.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n  O que importa aqui \u00e9 que <strong>domin\u00e2ncia de capacidade n\u00e3o \u00e9 o mesmo que adequa\u00e7\u00e3o completa<\/strong>. Um candidato com capacidade suficiente para um cen\u00e1rio de maior vaz\u00e3o ainda pode precisar de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o separada para um caso t\u00e9rmico de menor vaz\u00e3o se esse caso envolver uma se\u00e7\u00e3o protegida, fase, temperatura, limita\u00e7\u00e3o de componente, contrapress\u00e3o ou rota de descarga diferente.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  A evid\u00eancia de capacidade tamb\u00e9m importa mais do que o tamanho da conex\u00e3o. Para dispositivos de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o abrangidos por c\u00f3digo, a ASME Section XIII inclui certifica\u00e7\u00e3o de capacidade e resist\u00eancia ao escoamento em seu escopo de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra sobrepress\u00e3o, e o National Board<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalboard.org\/Index.aspx?pageID=64\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">NB-18 do National Board<\/a><br \/>\n  fornece informa\u00e7\u00f5es de certifica\u00e7\u00e3o de fabricante\/dispositivo e recursos de capacidade de al\u00edvio certificada. Uma flange correspondente n\u00e3o demonstra que o candidato pode escoar a carga de al\u00edvio requerida.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"engineering-example\">\n  <strong>Cen\u00e1rio de engenharia ilustrativo:<\/strong> uma v\u00e1lvula pode ser ajustada para a press\u00e3o de abertura pretendida e ainda assim ser um dispositivo de prote\u00e7\u00e3o inadequado se sua capacidade de al\u00edvio verificada estiver abaixo do caso requerido. A corre\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 \u201caumentar\u201d a press\u00e3o de abertura ou escolher uma conex\u00e3o maior pela apar\u00eancia; \u00e9 comparar a taxa de al\u00edvio requerida do cen\u00e1rio com a base de capacidade certificada aplic\u00e1vel do candidato ou outra base de capacidade aceita pelo projeto.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  V\u00e1lvulas de al\u00edvio de press\u00e3o com mola e pilotadas tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o devem ser tratadas como upgrades intercambi\u00e1veis. Contrapress\u00e3o, margem de opera\u00e7\u00e3o, limpeza do servi\u00e7o, configura\u00e7\u00e3o de sensoriamento\/piloto, temperatura e estrat\u00e9gia de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o podem influenciar a escolha da arquitetura. A orienta\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9cnica da Baker Hughes sobre v\u00e1lvulas de seguran\u00e7a e al\u00edvio pilotadas observa que servi\u00e7os severamente sujos podem exigir recursos de filtragem ou isolamento e que o entupimento da tubula\u00e7\u00e3o de interliga\u00e7\u00e3o pode tornar um projeto pilotado inadequado em alguns servi\u00e7os.<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/dam.bakerhughes.com\/m\/2c919e250c65d509\/original\/Fundamental-Operation-of-Pilot-Operated-Safety-Relief-Valves.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Revise a nota t\u00e9cnica da SRV pilotada<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Da mesma forma, nada nesta compara\u00e7\u00e3o significa que a expans\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica sempre exige um dispositivo fisicamente separado. Se um \u00fanico dispositivo pode atender a m\u00faltiplas fun\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 uma conclus\u00e3o de engenharia baseada no sistema completo, n\u00e3o uma regra que decorre dos nomes \u201cTRV\u201d ou \u201cPSV\u201d. Este \u00e9 um princ\u00edpio de triagem de candidatos, n\u00e3o uma afirma\u00e7\u00e3o de que uma v\u00e1lvula j\u00e1 recebeu aprova\u00e7\u00e3o de projeto, c\u00f3digo ou regulat\u00f3ria.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>O que muda entre o servi\u00e7o de al\u00edvio de LNG e LPG?<\/h2>\n<p>\n  LNG e LPG podem usar a mesma <strong>estrutura de decis\u00e3o<\/strong>, mas n\u00e3o devem herdar as mesmas premissas de servi\u00e7o.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  The shared questions are straightforward: What is protected? What causes the pressure rise? What fluid and phase reach the valve? What capacity is required? What temperature applies? What back pressure exists? Where does the relieved fluid go? What component and documentation evidence supports the candidate?\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"LNG and LPG relief service comparison\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Review variable<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">GNL<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">GLP<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Temperatura<\/td>\n<td>Cryogenic exposure can become a primary suitability boundary.<\/td>\n<td>Use actual operating and relieving temperatures; do not inherit LNG assumptions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Estado do fluido<\/td>\n<td>Establish the actual LNG state at the protected section and during relief.<\/td>\n<td>Establish actual LPG state rather than assuming liquid or vapor from the medium name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flashing \/ two-phase<\/td>\n<td>Review when process conditions make it credible.<\/td>\n<td>Review when process conditions make it credible.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Materiais<\/td>\n<td>Verify the configured valve for the required low-temperature duty.<\/td>\n<td>Verify compatibility and actual temperature requirements.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sede \/ selo<\/td>\n<td>Low-temperature performance may become a model-level constraint.<\/td>\n<td>Fluid, temperature and leakage requirements still control.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Contrapress\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td>Check the installed outlet system and valve architecture.<\/td>\n<td>Check the installed outlet system and valve architecture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Destino da descarga<\/td>\n<td>Define it for the actual project.<\/td>\n<td>Define it for the actual project.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n  Cryogenic pressure-relief equipment deserves model-level verification rather than a generic statement such as \u201cstainless steel is suitable for LNG.\u201d<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/valves.bakerhughes.com\/news\/pressure-relief-valves-cryogenic-applications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Baker Hughes technical guidance on cryogenic pressure-relief valves<\/a><br \/>\n  identifies construction materials, trim design, anti-galling measures and sealing features as cryogenic design considerations. That evidence supports the need to verify the configured product; it does not establish that any specific ZOBAI model has the same construction or service capability.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Material review should therefore cover the full moving and sealing system, not only the pressure-retaining body: nozzle and disc surfaces, guides, spring environment, trim interfaces and seat\/seal materials can all affect corrosion, galling, leakage or stable movement under the actual temperature and medium. For LNG service, differential contraction and low-temperature suitability must be confirmed from the product documentation rather than inferred from a generic alloy name.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Seat tightness is a separate purchase and test question from set pressure and certified capacity. API&#8217;s current catalog lists <a href=\"https:\/\/www.api.org\/products-and-services\/standards\/digital-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">API Standard 527, Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves<\/a>; the standard covers test methods for metal- and soft-seated PRVs. If the project has a leakage requirement, state the required test basis and acceptance criteria in the purchase specification instead of assuming that \u201csoft seat\u201d or \u201cmetal seat\u201d alone predicts field tightness.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"engineering-example\">\n  <strong>Cen\u00e1rio de engenharia ilustrativo:<\/strong> a valve can fit the line mechanically and meet the intended set-pressure basis, yet still be a poor LNG candidate if its trim, guide or sealing materials are not supported for the actual low-temperature condition. The prevention step is to review the documented temperature\/material configuration as a complete assembly, not to infer cryogenic suitability from body material alone.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  For the broader application context, see<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/applications\/lng-and-lpg\/\">LNG and LPG pressure-relief applications<\/a>.<br \/>\n  For deeper component-level selection, see the<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/blog\/safety-valve-material-selection-guide\/\">Guia de Sele\u00e7\u00e3o de Materiais para V\u00e1lvulas de Seguran\u00e7a<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  For engineering review, the same questions can be used for LNG and LPG, but the answers should be verified separately for the actual service.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>What Should You Confirm Before Selecting a Valve or Sending an RFQ?<\/h2>\n<p>\n  Do not send only \u201cNeed a thermal relief valve, LNG, DNxx.\u201d That does not define the protection duty.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  A useful engineering enquiry should describe the system first and let the supplier verify the candidate second.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Define the protected system<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>equipment or piping section being protected;<\/li>\n<li>isolation arrangement or system boundaries;<\/li>\n<li>credible overpressure scenario or scenarios;<\/li>\n<li>process reason pressure can rise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n  If one relief device is expected to cover more than one case, identify every credited protected section and scenario instead of supplying only the \u201clargest\u201d case. A lower-flow thermal case can still have a different isolation boundary or different relieving state.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Provide the process and relief basis<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>medium and relevant composition;<\/li>\n<li>normal fluid phase;<\/li>\n<li>fase de al\u00edvio esperada;<\/li>\n<li>press\u00e3o de opera\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/li>\n<li>design or allowable pressure basis;<\/li>\n<li>required set-pressure basis;<\/li>\n<li>temperatura de opera\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/li>\n<li>minimum relevant service temperature;<\/li>\n<li>expected relieving temperature;<\/li>\n<li>required relieving rate or the approved calculation basis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n  If the phase is uncertain or two-phase relief is credible, state that uncertainty rather than assuming liquid-only or vapor-only sizing. If the governing code or owner specification limits set pressure, overpressure, accumulation or blowdown, provide that basis rather than asking the supplier to infer it from normal operating pressure.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Define the installed outlet conditions<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>destino da descarga;<\/li>\n<li>downstream system or header;<\/li>\n<li>expected superimposed and built-up back pressure where applicable;<\/li>\n<li>relevant outlet piping restrictions;<\/li>\n<li>flare, vent, process-return or other project-defined destination where applicable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n  Back pressure is not merely a piping detail. Depending on valve architecture, it can affect opening pressure, lift, capacity and reseating behavior. Changes to a shared disposal header should trigger a valve\/application review even when the protected equipment and set pressure are unchanged.\n<\/p>\n<h3>State the mechanical and material requirements<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>requisitos de conex\u00e3o de entrada e sa\u00edda;<\/li>\n<li>pressure class;<\/li>\n<li>spring-loaded, balanced or pilot-operated architecture if already fixed by the project;<\/li>\n<li>project material requirements for body, trim, nozzle, disc, spring\/guide environment and seat\/seal;<\/li>\n<li>medium compatibility requirements;<\/li>\n<li>leakage or seat-tightness test requirements;<\/li>\n<li>installation constraints, including orientation or accessibility where relevant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ask the supplier to confirm the candidate evidence<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>modelo e configura\u00e7\u00e3o exatos;<\/li>\n<li>pressure and temperature limits;<\/li>\n<li>construction materials;<\/li>\n<li>seat and seal arrangement;<\/li>\n<li>applicable relieving-capacity evidence;<\/li>\n<li>supported fluid \/ phase basis;<\/li>\n<li>back-pressure limitations;<\/li>\n<li>connection details;<\/li>\n<li>set-pressure and blowdown adjustment\/test basis where applicable;<\/li>\n<li>seat-tightness test basis where required;<\/li>\n<li>test, traceability and documentation package;<\/li>\n<li>conformity or certification only where it actually applies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n  For inspection and repair planning, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.api.org\/products-and-services\/training\/inspection-training\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">API RP 576<\/a> is the API recommended-practice framework for inspection of pressure-relieving devices in the oil and petrochemical industries. If the governing jurisdiction or owner specification requires National Board repair or test accreditation, verify the actual organization and scope in the<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/buscenter.nationalboard.org\/MfgRepDir.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">National Board Manufacturer and Repair Directory<\/a>;<br \/>\n  do not assume a VR or T\/O requirement applies globally.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  The buyer or process engineer defines the protected system and required duty; the supplier confirms what a specific valve configuration can support.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  For the broader selection workflow, see the<br \/>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/blog\/safety-valve-selection-guide\/\">Guia de sele\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00e1lvulas de seguran\u00e7a<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  <strong>Classify the relief scenario before classifying the valve.<\/strong><br \/>\n  Once the protected boundary, relief cause, capacity, phase, temperature and installed conditions are defined, \u201cthermal relief valve versus PSV\u201d stops being a terminology debate and becomes a traceable engineering review.\n<\/p>\n<aside class=\"engineering-cta\">\n<p><strong>Need a candidate reviewed for an LNG or LPG piping duty?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n    Send the protected piping boundary, medium and phase, operating and relieving conditions, required relieving duty, back pressure, discharge arrangement and project requirements.<br \/>\n    ZOBAI can use those inputs to review a candidate configuration and identify what model-specific evidence still needs to be confirmed.\n  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/ask-an-engineer\/\">Consulte um engenheiro<\/a><\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"article-faq\">\n<h2>Perguntas Frequentes<\/h2>\n<h3>Is a thermal relief valve the same as a pressure safety valve?<\/h3>\n<p>\n  A thermal-expansion relief valve is a pressure-relief device, but \u201cthermal relief\u201d describes a specific overpressure duty rather than proving a universally separate hardware class. The exact device terminology and configuration depend on the governing standard, service and project specification.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Can one pressure safety valve cover thermal expansion and another relief case?<\/h3>\n<p>\n  It can be evaluated as a candidate for multiple cases, but capacity alone is not enough. The review must confirm that the device protects the required boundary and that set-pressure basis, required relieving rate, phase, temperature, materials, back pressure and discharge path are acceptable for each credited case.\n<\/p>\n<h3>How does back pressure affect a relief valve in LNG or LPG piping?<\/h3>\n<p>\n  Back pressure can change opening, lift, capacity and reseating behavior depending on valve design. Built-up back pressure comes from outlet-system resistance during discharge; superimposed back pressure already exists at the valve outlet. The acceptable limits and the choice between conventional, balanced or pilot-operated designs must come from the governing standard and the specific valve documentation rather than a universal percentage.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Por que a capacidade de al\u00edvio certificada \u00e9 mais importante que o tamanho da conex\u00e3o?<\/h3>\n<p>\n  Connection size tells you how the valve connects to the piping; it does not prove how much mass or volume the valve can discharge under the required relieving conditions. The required relief load must be compared with applicable capacity evidence for the actual fluid, pressure, temperature and valve configuration.\n<\/p>\n<h3>Qual a diferen\u00e7a entre press\u00e3o de ajuste, sobrepress\u00e3o, ac\u00famulo e blowdown?<\/h3>\n<p>\n  Set pressure is the valve&#8217;s opening reference under specified conditions. Overpressure is the rise above set pressure during relieving. Accumulation refers to the protected system&#8217;s pressure rise above its governing allowable basis during the event. Blowdown is the pressure reduction between opening and reseating behavior. Do not apply generic limits without the applicable code and project basis.\n<\/p>\n<h3>How often should an LNG or LPG pressure-relief valve be inspected or recertified?<\/h3>\n<p>\n  There is no single interval that is correct for every service. Inspection and test frequency should follow the applicable jurisdiction, code, owner mechanical-integrity program, service severity and device history. API RP 576 and the relevant National Board\/NBIC requirements can be part of that framework where they apply; project-specific requirements should control the published maintenance interval.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/article>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\n    \"@type\": \"BlogPosting\",\n    \"headline\": \"Thermal Relief Valve vs Pressure Safety Valve in LNG\\\/LPG Piping\",\n    \"description\": \"Compare thermal relief and pressure safety valve duties in LNG\\\/LPG piping, including trapped liquid, capacity, phase, back pressure and RFQ checks.\",\n    \"mainEntityOfPage\": {\n        \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n        \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/zobai.com\\\/blog\\\/thermal-relief-valve-vs-pressure-safety-valve-in-lng-lpg-piping\\\/\"\n    },\n    \"publisher\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n        \"name\": \"ZOBAI\"\n    }\n}<\/script><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Compare as fun\u00e7\u00f5es da v\u00e1lvula de al\u00edvio t\u00e9rmico e da v\u00e1lvula de seguran\u00e7a em tubula\u00e7\u00f5es de LNG\/LPG, incluindo l\u00edquido confinado, capacidade, fase, contrapress\u00e3o e verifica\u00e7\u00f5es para solicita\u00e7\u00e3o de cota\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":56961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sizing-performance-engineering"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56922"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56922\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zobai.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}